Cystitis is inflammation of the lining of the bladder as a result of infection, irritation or damage. It can affect women and men, but is much more common in women. This is because women have a shorter urethra (the tube that goes from the bladder out of the body) and its opening is located nearer the anus, which means that infection can occur more easily.

Cystitis is more common in pregnant women, sexually active women and women after the menopause, but it can occur at any age.

Many women have at least one attack of cystitis in their lives, some women have frequent attacks. The first time you have cystitis you should see your GP for advice. If you go on to have cystitis more than three times in one year, you should see your GP again. Children and men should always see their GP if they have cystitis.

Although common in women, cystitis is less common and a potentially more serious condition for men. For men the cause can be an underlying bladder or prostate infection, an obstruction or tumour, or an enlarged prostate. It is not usually serious if treated quickly, but the discomfort can be chronic and disabling. Untreated bladder infections can cause kidney or prostate infections and damage. Sexually active gay men are more likely to get cystitis than other males.